نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه دولتی قم
2 دانشگاه قم
چکیده
اگرچه اعتبارات اسنادی به‌عنوان یک شیوه پرداخت در معاملات بین‌المللی با هدف تسهیل روند تجارت بین‌المللی پدید آمد، اما به دلیل ویژگی‌های خاص خود می‌تواند موجب افزایش خطر تقلّب در پرداخت‌های بین‌المللی باشد. عوامل متعددی از قبیل متکی بودن بر اسناد، فاصله مکانی بین خریدار و فروشنده، فقدان سازوکارهای تعقیب قانونی کارآمد و تفاوت رویکرد نظام‌های حقوقی در سطح بین‌المللی، از دلایل بروز تقلّب در اعتبارات اسنادی است. در مقاله حاضر، سازوکارهای مدیریت ریسک با تمرکز بر رویکرد پیشگیرانه برای به حداقل رساندن خطر بروز تقلّب در اعتبارات اسنادی و اقدامات لازم و ممکن برای پرهیز از تقلّب‌هایی که ممکن است عملاً در روند تهیه و ارائه اسناد صورت گیرد، مورد بررسی قرارگرفته است. پژوهش ما بر این فرضیه استوار است که با اتخاذ تدابیر عملی مذکور در این پژوهش توسط اطراف دخیل در روند پرداخت از طریق ال-سی، خطر بروز تقلب به حداقل کاهش خواهد یافت و این رویکرد در مقایسه با واکنش‌های دیگر در قبال تقلب از قبیل اقامه دعوای حقوقی یا کیفری علیه شخص متقلب، از کارآمدی بیشتری برخوردار است.
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