جایگاه شفافیت در تحولات اخیر داوری های مبتنی بر معاهدات سرمایه گذاری

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• معین فروغی ¹
• حمید رضا نیکبخت ²

¹ دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران

² استاد دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

10.22067/economlaw.2023.74761.1138

چکیده

امروزه رژیم داوری مبتنی بر معاهدات سرمایه گذاری بین المللی با چالش های متعددی مواجه شده است. یکی از شایع ترین این نگرانی ها، عدم وجود شفافیت در این رژیم است که طی سالهای اخیر به موضوع اختلافات نظریات تبدیل شده است. این مسئله در بعضی نظریات تا حدی جدی است که ثبات، اطمینان و پیش بینی پذیری داوری سرمایه گذاری بین المللی را مخدوش کرده و در نهایت مشروعیت این سیستم را با چالش عمده مواجه نموده است.
این مقاله با تمرکز بر داوری دولت - سرمایه گذار، ضمن بررسی اشکال مختلف شفافیت در مراحل رسیدگی داوری سرمایه گذاری بین المللی، آخرین تحولات شفافیت در داوری های مبتنی بر معاهدات سرمایه گذاری را، مورد ارزیابی قرار می دهد. سپس با بررسی خطرات بالقوه شفافیت و اهداف نهایی آن، جهت تطابق روند اصلاحات شفافیت شکلی برای رسیدن به اهداف خود، یک سری راهکارها را پیشنهاد می کند. این راهکارها بایستی به صورت تدریجی در داوری های مبتنی بر معاهدات سرمایه گذاری در نظر گرفته شود تا بتواند روشن کننده استمرار و تداوم شفافیت در یک رسیدگی داوری سرمایه گذاری بین المللی باشد و در عین حال، مزیت خصوصی و محرمانگی در داوری را هم حفظ نماید.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

• شفافیت
• محرمانگی
• معاهدات سرمایه گذاری
• داوری سرمایه گذاری بین المللی
• خطرات شفافیت

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