نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته دکتری حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان
2 دانشیار گروه حقوق دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان
3 استادیار گروه حقوق دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان
چکیده
نظریه تقصیر از مهمترین تئوریها در مبانی مسئولیت مدنی است که طبق آن، جبران خسارت منوط به اثبات تقصیر عامل زیان است. گاه اثبات تقصیر برعهده زیاندیده است و گاه عامل زیان باید بیتقصیری خود را ثابت نماید. این نظریه، معیاری اخلاقی برای شناسایی مبنای مسئولیت مدنی به دست میدهد. از سوی دیگر، یکی از رویکردها در تحلیل مباحث حقوقی، استفاده از روشهای اقتصادی است. در این تحقیق با تشبیه زیاندیده و عامل زیان به مصرفکننده و تولیدکننده، کارایی نظریه تقصیر در پیشگیری از زیان و جبران سریع خسارت بررسی میشود. روش این تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی است. با توصیف نظریات رفتار مصرفکننده و تولیدکننده و استفاده از الگوهای کارایی در این نظریات، رفتار زیاندیده و عامل زیان را تحلیل میکنیم. نتایج این تحقیق نشان میدهد نظریه تقصیر ابزاری کارا برای پیشگیری از زیان است مشروط بر این که سطح استاندارد احتیاط بهعنوان مرز بین رفتار مقصرانه و غیرمقصرانه مشخص باشد؛ اما نمیتوان جبران سریع خسارات را به نحو کارا بر مبنای نظریه تقصیر به دست آورد و در مواردی که تعیین سطح استاندارد احتیاط و بالتبع، پیشگیری از زیان میسر نیست و قانونگذار در صدد جبران سریع خسارت است، مسئولیت بدون تقصیر پیشنهاد میشود.
کلیدواژهها
فهرست منابع
- Abedi, mohammad(2015) Economic Analysis of Exemption Clause, journal Encyclopedia of Economic Law, vol 22, No 7, pp 1-21.(in Persian)
- Almasi, Nejad Ali (2013), Economic analysis of the evidence in a civil lawsuit, Journal of Law Research. Shahid Beheshti University, Vol 15, issue 60, pp9-40.(in Persian)
- Ameri, Faysal and Haj Mohammadi, Moslem(2018) A Legal-Economic Analysis of Article 21 of the Law Amending the Compulsory Insurance Act: Civil Liability of Motor Vehicle Owners, Journal of Legal Research,volume17,number35,pp 83-111(in Persian)
- Babaii,Iraj(2007), Theoretical Foundations of Economic Analysis of Law ", Journal of Law and Policy Research,No.23,13-60.(in Persian)
- Badini, Hasan (2005), "The philosophy of civil responsibility", the first print, Tehran, Enteshar Publications.(in Persian)
- Badini, Hassan and Abbasi, Somayyeh (2018), The Efficiency of Strict Liability From the Perspective of Economic Analysis of Law, Journal of Comparative Law, volume 5,number 1, pp 3-24.(in Persian)
- Badini, Hasan and Mehrad, Mehdi)2017) ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY IN PRIVATE LAW; THEORY AND INSTANCES, journal Law Quarterly, volume 47, number 1, pp 19-35.(in Persian)
- Bahrami Ahmadi, Hamid(2012), Tort Law "civil liability" "with a comparative study in the jurisprudence of Islamic religions and legal systems", Tehran, Imam Sadiq University Publisher.(in Persian)
- Becker, Gary (1998) The Economic Approach to Human Behaviour, foundation of the economic approach to law, collection of essays, edited by Avery Wiener Katz, Oxford University Press.
- Bolurifar, Mina and Hagi Azezi, Bijen and Jafari, Fazlullah) 2019) The Application of Economic Analysis of Law Based on Rational Independence and Expediency, journal Jurisprudence and Islamic Law,volume10, number18, pp1-23.(in Persian)
- Coleman, Jules L (1992) Risks and Wrongs, Cambridge Studies in Philosophy and Law, Cambridge University Press, First Published.
- Cooter,Robert and Ulen,Thomas(2009),Law and Economics, Translated by Yadollah Dadgar and Hamedeh Akhavan,first edition,Tehran, Tarbiat Modares University Press.
- Dadgar, Yadollah (2007) A Review of Developments in Efficiency in Economic Literature (Theories and Applications), Journal of Law and Politics Research, Vol 9, No. 23, pp. 103-142.(in Persian)
- Dadgar, Yadollah (2012) What is appropriate for lawyers and legal agents to know about economics,Journal of Law Research, Vol 58, pp. 7-43. (in Persian)
- Dadgar, Yadollah(2013) Principles of economic analysis: micro & macro, Tehran, Amareh Press.(in Persian)
- Darabpour, Mehrab (2008) Non-Contractual Liabilities, Compensation, Refund and Concessions, Tehran, Majd.(in Persian)
- Faure, Michael (2001) Economic analysis of environmental Law: An Introduction, Economie publique, No 7.
- Faure, Michael & Hans-Bernd Shafer & Frank Muller-Langer & Meea Golbardes & Fernando Gomez Pomar(2017) Tort law and economics, First Chapter: Tort Law and Economics, Translated By Shokuhian Alireza & Edrissian Hamed, Tehran, The Press and Publications Center of the Judiciary, Institute of Judiciary.
- Friedman, Lawrence M (1973) A History of American Law, Simon and Schuster.
- Hekmat-nia, Mahmud(2010).Tort Law in Imami jurisprudence, principles and structure, Qom, ISCA.(in Persian)
- Iranpour, Farhad(2018) Principles and application of economic analysis in civil law, Tehran, donya-e-eqtesad Publisher.(in Persian)
- Jourdain, Patrice (2015) LES PRINCIPES DE LA RESPONSABILITE CIVIL, Translated By Adib Majid, Tehran, Editions Mizan.
- Katouzian,Naser (2008),Tort liability," the first volume, eighth edition, Tehran, Tehran University Press.(in Persian).
- Katouzian Naser and Ansari Mahdi (2008) LA RESPONSABILITE POUR DOMMAGE A L'ENVIRONNEMENT, journal Law Quarterly, Vol 38, No 2, pp 285-314.(in Persian).
- Keith N, Hylton (2007) "A Positive Theory of Strict Liability", Boston University School of Law, Law and Economic Working Paper, No 06-35. Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract_ID=932600.
- Lotfi, Assadollah (2014) A series of jurisprudential issues, civil liability law, Tehran, Jangal Publications. (in Persian).
- Mackaay, Ejan (2013) Law and Economics for Civil Law Systems, UK, Edward Elgr Publishing Limited.
- Marsh, Peter (1994) Comparative Contract Law England, France, Germany. England: Gower Publishing.
- Mehregan, Nader and Padash Hamid(2009) Principles of Economics, Tehran, Noore Elm Publisher.(in Persian).
- Qasemzadeh, Sayyed Mortaza(2008) The Foundations of Civil Liability, Tehran, Mizan Publication. (in Persian).
- Rahimi, Habibolaah and Hajiyan, Mohammad Ghasem (2015) Economic Analysis of Elements of Civil Liability for Driving Accidents, Journal of Private Law Research, Volume 2, number7, pages 99-130.(in Persian).
- Rahpeik, Hassan (2013) Tort Law and Compensation, Tehran, Khorsandi Publications.(in Persian)
- Safai, Sayyed Hossein and Rahimi Habibollah(2016) Civil Liability (Non-Contractual Obligations), Tehran, Samat Publications.(in Persian).
- Sanei, Parviz (2002) Law and society (relationship of law with social and psychological factors), Tehran, Tarh-e-No Publications.(in Persian).
- Shahabi Mahdi and Masoudipour Azadeh(2014) Economic Analysis of Law and Revival of Fault in Civil Liability System with Emphasis on USA case law, Journal Encyclopedia of Economic Law, Vol 20, No 4, pp 28-56.(in Persian).
- Shoarian, Ebrahim and Jabbari, Mansour (2010) Police Civil Liability, Tehran, Foroozesh Publications.(in Persian).
- Tahmasbi,Ali and Alipoor, Koroush (2011),"The Effect of fault and strict responsibility for Encouraging operating losses and the injured to the precautions " Justice Legal Journal, No. 74, pp. 159-129.(in Persian).
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله