نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد حقوق تجاری اقتصادی بین المللی دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشیار دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

حقوق رقابت، حاکم بر فعالیت اقتصادی بنگاه ها، با چالش نوین بازار رمزارزها رو بروست. ضمن توجه به فلسفه قواعد رقابتی و اقتصادی بودن فعالیت ، تحلیل حقوقی بازار بیت کوین از منظر رقابتی منجر به شناسایی رفتارهای ضدرقابتی می شود. در این راستا نحوه اعمال مقررات رقابتی طبق ساختار بازار تعیین می شود. بروز رفتارهای ضدرقابتی با توجه ساختار بازار بیت کوین محتمل است.

سواستفاده از موقعیت مسلط که با عنوان استراتژی استخراج خودخواهانه و حمله 51% معروف است، با تغییر زنجیره اصلی، ضمن خدشه به خصیصه غیرمتمرکز بیت کوین، موجب شکست بازار با نقض اصل رقابت می شود. وضعیت مسلط می تواتد در نتیجه ادغام و یا انحصار در تجهیزات برترایجاد شود. تبانی الگوریتمی، مبنی بر تغییر الگوریتم برای ایجاد زنجیره فرعی، نمونه ای از رفتارهای کارتلی است که با تبانی توسعه دهندگان موجبات حمله 51% فراهم می شود. ترتیب دادن حملات شکلی از تبانی جهت اخلال در رقابت رقبا است. همچنین خطر قراردادهای ضدرقابتی فعالان و مصرف کنندگان بازار را تهدید می کند.

ساختار خودانتظام و جهانی بازار بیت کوین، مقررات و نهادهای رقابت با چالش صلاحیت حاکمیتی برخورد می کنند، ضمن این که دشواری شناسایی فعالان بازار اعمال ضمانت اجرای رقابتی را سخت می سازد. علاوه بر ارتباط موثر با توسعه دهندگان بیت کوین که می تواند پل ارتباطی موثر با بازار در اعمال قواعد و اصول رقابتی باشد، امکان اجرای مقررات رقابتی و صلاحیت نهاد قانونی، بر بنگاه های ثبت شده در قالب شخصیت حقوقی، طبق نظام حقوقی کشور محل ثبت فعالیت، قابل تحقق است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

 
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