نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
بحث ضمانت اجرا و مولفه‌های موثر در آنجام یا عدم آنجام افعال مختلف از مباحث بنیادین و مهم علم حقوق قلمداد میشود. طبق دیدگاه رایج و آنگونه که در نظریات حقوقی مطرح شده است تعیین ضمانت اجرا و اعمال آن از صلاحیت‌های آنحصاری دولت است. اما با گذشت زمان رویکردی جدید مبتنی بر نگرش اجتماعی به حقوق شکل گرفت که بر پایه آن آنچه در عمل اتفاق میافتد الزاما منطبق با تحلیل‌هایی نیست که به شکل سنتی در حقوق ارائه شده است. بر این اساس نوع دیگری از ضمانت اجرا وجود دارد که اگر چه از سوی قانونگذاران به رسمیت شناخته نشده اما در بسیاری از موارد در قیاس با ضمانت‌های حقوقی از قوت بیشتری برخوردارند.
این مقاله در مقام بررسی مبانی رویکرد جدید است. از آنجا که مهمترین زمینه استفاده از این نوع ضمانت‌های اجرایی در حقوق نرم شکل میگیرد بخشی از این مقاله به تحلیل فرآیند تاثیر‌گذاری این نوع ضمانت اجرا در حقوق نرم اختصاص یافته است.
مطالعات صورت گرفته در این زمینه نشان میدهد اهمیت و نقش‌آفرینی حقوق نرم در جهان معاصر و به تبع آن استفاده از ضمانت‌های فرا‌حقوقی قابل آنکار نبوده و در بسیاری موارد به علت مزایای متعدد، این روش در قیاس با ضمانت‌های حقوقی بیشتر مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد.
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