تحلیل استنادناپذیری از منظر کارایی اقتصادی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• مهسا رباطی ¹
• رحیم پیلوار ²
• حسین جاور ³

¹ دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه تهران (پردیس فارابی)

² استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه تهران (پردیس فارابی)

³ دانشیار گروه حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه تهران (پردیس فارابی)

https://doi.org/10.22067/economlaw.2023.81583.1261

چکیده

استنادناپذیری ضمانت‌اجرایی است که از حقوق فرانسه به حقوق ایران راه یافته و مصادیقی را در قانون، رویه قضایی و دکترین حقوقی ایران به خود اختصاص داده است. جریان این ضمانت‌اجرا در جایی است که قواعد حامی حقوق اشخاص ثالث، مانند لزوم ثبت و انتشار یا رعایت شکل و... در ایجاد عناصر حقوقی همچون قرارداد، از سوی اشخاص دخیل مانند طرفین قرارداد رعایت نشود. این ضمانت‌اجرا در حقوق ایران در عرض ضمانت‌اجراها و وضعیت‌های حقوقی چون بطلان، عدم نفوذ و مراعی قرار می‌گیرد و این پرسش را ایجاد می‌کند که کارآمدی ضمانت‌اجراها و وضعیت‌های حقوقی پیش‌گفته برای عدم رعایت قواعد حامی حقوق اشخاص ثالث در مقایسه با استنادناپذیری به چه میزان است و آیا با وجود آن‌ها، نیاز به اقتباس استنادناپذیری از حقوق فرانسه هست؟

از آن‌جایی که کارایی، مفهومی اساسی در علم اقتصاد است که معیارهای متعددی برای ارزیابی آن ارائه شده، این پژوهش با استفاده از معیارهای ارزیابی کارایی در علم اقتصاد، استنادناپذیری را در مقایسه با دیگر ضمانت‌اجراها و وضعیت‌های حقوقی موجود در حقوق ایران، توصیف و تحلیل اقتصادی می‌نماید.

این پژوهش نتیجه می‌گیرد که نسبت به وضعیت عدم رعایت قواعد حامی حقوق اشخاص ثالث، استنادناپذیری، در مقایسه با دیگر ضمانت‌اجراها و وضعیت‌های حقوقی موجود در حقوق ایران، بر اساس معیار کارایی پارتویی و کالدور-هیکس دارای کارآمدی اقتصادی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• استنادناپذیری
• عدم قابلیت استناد
• تحلیل اقتصادی حقوق
• کارایی اقتصادی
• ضمانت اجرا

مراجع

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