پیام های تجاری ناخواسته( اسپم): ممنوعیت یا آزادی ارسال؟

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• مصطفی بختیاروند ¹
• سیدمحمدهادی قبولی درافشان ²

¹ دانشیار گروه حقوق خصوصی و حقوق مالکیت فکری دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران.

² دانشیار گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

https://doi.org/10.22067/economlaw.2024.85568.1331

چکیده

پیام‌های تجاری ناخواسته (اسپم) به‌صورت الکترونیکی و انبوه، بدون رضایت گیرنده، از طریق ابزاری چون رایانامه یا پیامک ارسال می-شود. اسپم در کنار مزایایی که برای تبلیغ‌کنندگان دارد، می‌تواند موجب نقض حریم خصوصی کاربران اینترنت و تلفن همراه شود و زیان اقتصادی و نارضایتی گسترده مصرف‌کنندگان و حتی تجار را در پی داشته باشند. امری که در کنار احتمال اخلال در عملکرد سامانه‌هایی از قبیل رایانامه و پیام کوتاه، ممکن است به بی‌اعتمادی نسبت به تجارت الکترونیکی و اقتصاد دیجیتال منجر شود.
نتایج این مقاله توصیفی-تحلیلی نشان می‌دهد برخی کشورها ارسال اسپم را حتی بدون رضایت مخاطب مجاز و مخالفت بعدی وی را مانع ارسال می‌دانند که شیوه کناره‌گیری نامیده می‌شود.کشورهای دیگر، اعلام رضایت قبلی مخاطب را ضروری می‌دانند که به شیوه مشارکتی معروف است. دو شیوه یادشده، از طریق سه رویکرد تقنینی همراه با تساهل، معتدل و سختگیرانه اعمال می‌شود که با توجه به نحوه برخورد با ارسال‌کنندگان اسپم و ضمانت‌اجراها، تقسیم‌بندی و نامگذاری شده‌اند. موضع حقوق ایران راجع به ممنوعیت یا مجازبودن ارسال اسپم چندان واضح نیست. در این مقاله، تصویب قانون یا برخی مواد قانونی صریح و شفاف راجع به اسپم، با اتخاذ شیوه مشارکتی و پیش‌بینی ضمانت اجراهای کارآمد در ایران پیشنهاد شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• : اسپم
• تبلیغات تجاری
• پیام تجاری ناخواسته
• رویکرد مشارکتی
• رویکرد کناره‌گیری

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