Document Type : Scientific research

Authors

1 Shiraz University

2 Imam Sadeq (A.S) University

Abstract

The “commercial paper discount” is one of the common ways of financing in the world banking. Because some objections and religious doubts, the using of these method in Islamic banking is faced with challenges. So, definition of the nature of the commercial paper discount is important for determine the effects, terms and conditions governing its.
In this study, different religious jurisprudence opinions and legal doctrines about nature of the commercial papers discount has been criticized and analyzed, comprehensive approach, this article provide a comprehensive analysis of the nature of commercial paper discount in the banking system, according to the commercial description of these documents, and with regard to banking regulations and guidelines, and study its conditions and terms.
ultimately, we can conclude that the commercial paper discount, in Islamic Banking, is analyzed in the form of a “Debt Purchase” agreement. This analysis is consistent with the true nature of the discount in the banking system, as well as the nature of commercial paper and its regulation. In the other hand, it is also consistent with famous Shiite jurists opinions.

Keywords

[1] Abdollahi, M. (1992). Jurisprudential Basics of Islamic Economics. (1st ed.). Qom, Islamic Publications Office. (in Persian)
[2] Al-e Soleyman, M. (2005). The Provisions of Dealing in Contemporary Financial Markets. Riyadh, Dar Konuz Eshbelia Publishing and Distribution. (in Arabic)
[3] Allama Helli, Motahhar Helli, H. (1995). Mukhtalaf Al-Shi’a fi Ahkam Al-Shari’a. (1st ed., Vol. 5). Qom, Center for Research and Islamic Studies, Office of the Islamic Media, Publishing Center. (in Arabic)
[4] Al-Othmani, M.T. (2009). Research in the Contemporary Doctrinal Issues. Karachi, Dar Al-Olum. (in Arabic)
[5] Al-Sanhouri, A.A. (1998). Al-Vasit in Explanation of Civil Law. (Vol. 8). Lebanon, Beirut, Dar Ehya Al-Toras Al-Arabi. (in Arabic)
[6] Amid, H. (1976). Amid Encyclopedia. (10th ed.). Tehran, Javidan Printing and Publishing Organization. (in Persian)
[7] Bahrani, Y. (1985). Hada’egh Al-Nazerah fi Ahkam Al-Etrat Al-Taherah. (1st ed., Vol. 20). Qom, Islamic Publishing Corporation of the Group Teachers. (in Arabic)
[8] Bandarrigi. M. (1996). Al-Monjed. (1st ed., Vol. 2). Tehran, Iran Publication. (in Persian)
[9] Ebn Edris Helli, M. (1989). Ketab Al-Sara’er Al-Ha’wi le-Tahrir Al-Fata’wi. (vol. 2). Qom, Islamic Publishing Institution. (in Arabic)
[10] Elsan, M. (2012). Banking Law. (2nd ed.). Tehran, Samt Publication. (in Persian)
[11] Emami S.H. (1994). Civil Law. (14th ed., Vol. 1). Tehran, Eslamiyeh Bookstore. (in Persian)
[12] Emami S.H. (1995). Civil Law. (12th ed., Vol. 4). Tehran, Eslamiyeh Bookstore. (in Persian)
[13] Eskini, R. (2005). Commercial Law (Bills of Exchange, Promissory Notes, Warrant, Bearer Bond and Cheque). (9th ed.). Tehran, Samt Publication. (in Persian)
[14] Firouzabadi, M. (1991). Muhit Dictionary. (1st ed., Vol. 4). Lebanon, Beirut, Dar Ehya Al-Toras Al-Arabi. (in Arabic)
[15] Haeri Shahbagh, S. A. (1997). Explanation of the Civil Code. (1st ed., Vol. 1). Tehran, Ganj Danesh Publication. (in Persian)
[16] Horr-e Ameli, M. (1992). Tafsil Vasa’el Al-Shi’a ela Tahsil Masa’el Al-Shari’a. (3rd ed., Vol. 18). Qom, Al Al-Beyt Le-Ehya’a Al-Toras Institut. (in Arabic)
[17] Hosseini Al-Ameli, S.M.J. (Undated). Miftah Al-Keramah fi Sharh Ghava’ed Al-Allameh. (1st ed., Vol. 5). Lebanon, Beirut, Dar Ehya Al-Toras Al-Arabi. (in Arabic)
[18] Hosseini Al-Haeri, S.K. (2000). Jurisprudence of Contracts, a Comparative Study between Islamic Jurisprudence and Postural Jurisprudence. (1st ed., Vol. 1). Qom, Majma Al Fikr Al-Islami. (in Arabic)
[19] Hosseini Sistani, S.A. (1996). Minhaj Al-Salehin. (5th ed., Vol. 2). Qom, Office Ayatollah Sayyed Sistani. (in Arabic)
[20] Imam Khomeini, S.R. (1994). Kitab Al-Be’y. (5th ed., Vol. 1). Qom, Islamic Publishing Corporation of the Group Teachers. (in Arabic)
[21] Imam Khomeini, S.R. (2003). Towzih Al-Masa’el. (8th ed., Vol. 2). Qom, Islamic Publishing Office. (in Persian)
[22] Imam Khomeini, S.R. (2004). Tahrir Al-Wasile, Translator A. Islami. (21st ed., Vol. 4). Qom, Islamic Publishing Office. (in Persian)
[23] Jackman, Alex & Tolkan, Henry. (1975). The Basics of Economics. Translator Manuchehr Farhang. Tehran, National University of Iran Publication. (in Persian)
[24] Jafari Langroudi, M. J. (1994). Property Law. (4th ed.). Tehran, Ganj Danesh Publication. (in Persian)
[25] Jafari, A. (2010). Fundamentals and Basics of Investing on the Stock Exchange. (3rd ed.). Tehran, Keioumars Publication. (in Persian)
[26] Katouzian, N. (1992). Civil Law, General Principles of Contracts. (3rd ed., Vol. 2). Tehran, Enteshar Co. Publication. (in Persian)
[27] Katouzian, N. (2002). Elementary Course of Civil Law, Property and Ownership. (5th ed.) Tehran, Mizan Publication. (in Persian)
[28] Khoei, S.A.Gh. (1989). Minhaj Al-Salehin. (28th ed., Vol. 2). Qom, Madineh Al-Elm Publication. (in Arabic)
[29] Majedi, A. & Golriz, H. (1993). Money and Bank. (5th ed.). Tehran: Institute of Islamic Banking of Iran. (in Persian)
[30] Moein, M. (1981). Persian Encyclopedia. (14th ed., Vol. 1). Tehran, Amir Kabir Publication Institution. (in Persian)
[31] Mohammdzadeh Vadghani, A. (2012). Commercial Law. (2nd ed.). Tehran, Majd Publication. (in Persian)
[32] Motahhari, M. (1985). Usury, Bank and Insurance. (1st ed.) Tehran, Sadra Publication. (in Persian)
[33] Mufid, M. (1989). Al-Muqna’a. (3rd ed.). Qom, Islamic Publishing Corporation of the Group Teachers. (in Arabic)
[34] Muhaghegh Sani, Karaki, A. (1983). Jame Al-Maqsed fi Sharh Al-Qava’ed. (3rd ed., Vol. 5). Lebanon, Beirut, Dar Ehya Al-Toras Al-Arabi. (in Arabic)
[35] Musavi Golpaygani, S.M.R. (1988). Majma Al-Masa’el. (2nd ed., Vol. 2). Qom, Dar Al-Quran Al-Karim. (in Aracic)
[36] Najafi, M.H. (1986). Jawaher Al-Kalam. (8th ed., Vol. 20). Tehran, Dar-Al-Kotb Al-Eslamiyeh. (in Arabic)
[37] Ounagh, Sh. (2013). The Discount of the Commercial Paper in the Iranian Legal System. Master's Thesis in Private Law, Tehran, Tarbiat Modares University. (in Persian)
[38] Pulsinelli R.W. & Miller, R. L. (1995). Modern Money and Banking. Translator Ahmad Nahidi. (1st ed.). Tehran, Amir Kabir Publication Institution. (in Persian)
[39] Sadeghi Neshat, A. (2014). Business Law for Managers. (1st ed.). Tehran, Mizan Legal Foundation. (in Persian)
[40] Sadr, S.M.B. (1989). The Bank Non-Usury in Islam. Lebanon, Beirut, Dar Al-Ta’arof Lel-Matbu’at. (in Arabic)
[41] Saghri, M. (2008). Business Law, Commercial Instrument. (4th ed.). Tehran, Enteshar Co. Publication. (in Persian)
[42] Sha’rani, A. (1998). Tabsera Al-Mota’allemin fi Ahkam Al-Din. Translation and Explanation. (5th ed., Vol. 1). Tehran, Eslamiyeh Publication. (in Persain)
[43] Shahid Avval, Makki Al- Ameli, M. (1993). Al-Dorous al-Shar’eiyeh fi Al-Feqh Al-Emamiyeh. (1st ed., Vol. 3). Qom, Islamic Publishing Corporation of the Group Teachers. (in Arabic)
[44] Shahid Avval, Makki Al- Ameli, M. (undated). Al-Lom’a Al-Dameshqiyeh. Qom, Dar Al-Fikr Publication. (in Arabic)
[45] Shahid sani, Al-Jabab’ei Al-Ameli, Z. (1983). Al-Rowdha Al-Bahiyeh fi Sharh Al-Lom’a Al-Dameshqiyeh. Commentary M. Kalantar. (Vol. 4) Lebanon, Beirut, Dar Ehya Al-Toras Al-Arabi. (in Arabic)
[46] Shahid sani, Al-Jabab’ei Al-Ameli, Z. (1992). Masalik Al-Afham ela Tanghih Shara’ye Al-Islam. (1st ed., Vol. 3). Qom, Al-Ma’aref Al-Islamiyeh Institute. (in Arabic)
[47] Soltani, M. (2011). Banking Law. (1st ed.). Tehran, Mizan Legal Foundation. (in Persian)
[48] Sotudeh Tehrani, H. (2007). Commercial Law. (11th ed., Vol. 3). Tehran, Dadgostar Publication. (in Persian)
[49] Tabataba’ei Hakim, S.M. (1980). Minhaj Al-Salehin. With Commentary S.M.B Sadr. (Vol. 2). Lebanon, Beirut, Dar Al-Ta’arof Lel-Matbu’at. (in Arabic)
[50] Tabataba’ei Qomi, S.T. (1989). The Basics of Minhaj Al-Salehin. (1st ed., Vol. 9). Qom, Maktaba Al-Mofid Publication. (in Arabic)
[51] Tabataba’ei Yazdi, S.M.K. (undated). Al-Orwa Al-Wosgha. (Vol. 2). Qom, Maktaba Al-Davari. (in Ararbic)
[52] The Cooperation Office of the Howzeh and University (1989). Introduction to Islamic Economics. (3rd ed.). Samt Publication. (in Persian)
[53] Tousi, A.J. (undated). Nihaya Al-Ahkam. Qom, Qods Muhammadi Publication. (in Arabic)
[54] Vahid Khorasani, H. (2007). Towzih Al-Masa’el. (9th ed.). Qom, Imam Baqer School. (in Persian)
[55] Akhlaghi, B. (1989). “A Discussion on Mortgage of Commercial Documents”. Tehran University, Faculty of Law and Political Science Journal, (24): 1-23. (in Persian)
[56] Al-e Mahmud, A. (1998). “Sale of Debt”. Organization of the Islamic Conference, the Islamic Fiqh Academy (Jeddah), 11th Session, Bahrain, Manama. (in Arabic)
[57] Anonymous. (1998). “Introduction to Commodity Exchange; First Section”. Business Studies Journal. (137): 75-78. (in Persian)
[58] Farahani, S. (1998). “Economic and Jurisprudence Study of the Re-discount and Bonds; Presentation an Applicable Tools for Performance the Monetary Policy in the Interest-free Banking”. Feqh Ahl-e Beyt Journal, (15): 63-93. (in Persian)
[59] Hamoud, S. (1998). “The Sale of Debt and Bonds and Legitimate Alternatives in the Field of Public and Private Sector”. Organization of the Islamic Conference, the Islamic Fiqh Academy (Jeddah), 11th Session, Bahrain, Manama. (in Arabic)
[60] Mousavian, S.A. (2001). “Re-participation, alternative for Re-discount”. Islamic Economics Journal, (1) 3: 75-90. (in Persian)
[61] Sabet, S.A.H. (2002.A). “A Legal and Economic Approach to the Discount”. Islamic Economics Journal. (1) 4: 105-120. (in Persian)
[62] Sabet, S.A.H. (2002.B). “Subjectology of Sale of Debt”. Feqh Ahl-e-Beyt Journal. (31): 138-208. (in Persian)
[63] Sabet, S.A.H. (2008). “Jurisprudence Study of the Re-discount”. Jurisprudence Journal of Ahl-e Beyt, (4) 2. (in Persian)
[64] Shahbazinia, M. & Ounagh, Sh. (2013). “Analyzing the Legal Nature and the Legitimacy of Discounting of Commercial Instruments based on their Single and Combined Nature in Islamic Jurisprudence (Figh) and Legal Opinions”. Comparative Law Researches, (17) 1: 99-120. (in Persian)
[65] Shokri, F. (2011). “Mortgage of the debt in the Iranian legal system”. Justice Law Journal, (75): 75-112. (in Persian)
CAPTCHA Image