Scientific research
Najaf Lakzaee; hadi hajzadeh
Abstract
The "referent object of security" is the main point of security and that fundament and essentially which need to safekeeping. This referent can be studied in various political, economical, social, cultural and other dimensions and also in Individual, public, national and international levels.
In this ...
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The "referent object of security" is the main point of security and that fundament and essentially which need to safekeeping. This referent can be studied in various political, economical, social, cultural and other dimensions and also in Individual, public, national and international levels.
In this research, economical dimension and individual level of referent object of security were studied and study"s Context was based on those jurisprudential Laws that jurisconsults and jurisprudents were deducted during several century and meantime of sources and texts and parameters of jurisprudence.
For this,after to know the concept of security,three set of jurisprudential Laws about economical referent object of security of individuals were recognized and studied and then, main jurisprudential Law in this ground, were presented.
Scientific research
abdolreza javan jafari; Amir Soodmandrad
Abstract
Abstract
Many challenges that exchange of information like trade secret information faced gave rise to the government intervention through using repressive tools in order to more e strong deterrence. However, peculiar characteristics of cyber space and variants ways of lawbreaking make the procedures ...
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Abstract
Many challenges that exchange of information like trade secret information faced gave rise to the government intervention through using repressive tools in order to more e strong deterrence. However, peculiar characteristics of cyber space and variants ways of lawbreaking make the procedures and prosecution of their identification more complicated. These conditions made the penal policy inefficient in this area. Accordingly the owners of trade secrets have to use of dynamic security tools to protect their critical data necessities and accept part of crime prevention costs. This article tries to investigate the above mentioned issues and seeks to identify methods to evaluate preventive measures situation, as well. Although, due to the competitively and value of these information, there are always hackers who try to achieve them, therefore victims are still needed to be supported by the governmental and non-governmental institutions
Scientific research
abolfazl alishahi ghale googhi; mahdi dehghan
Abstract
The existing laws on cultural heritage treasure, significantly limiting the private ownership of treasure, treasure and historical monuments - culture is seen, including Article 562 of the Penal Code to acquire property that any exploration of the historical - cultural prohibited, and committed to ...
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The existing laws on cultural heritage treasure, significantly limiting the private ownership of treasure, treasure and historical monuments - culture is seen, including Article 562 of the Penal Code to acquire property that any exploration of the historical - cultural prohibited, and committed to prison from six months to three years and sentenced to capture objects artifacts. This question is not legitimate, and ways of legitimizing rests on what basis do they? Is it legal provisions need to be revised to cope with new situations or problems Msthdsh and that existing laws must be reviewed to comply with the law, this ambiguity is resolved? What is the consensus of the Supreme Shiite scholars today and traditions Mtvatrh Ksyrh or get in the door - it is a treasure and will work with the special provisions, and he got it, it should be just the fifth Islamic pay. Focus on the words of the Sunni vote and comment on them as we agreed. Therefore, there is no way for routine recording of treasure recovered from his right to disallow or limit discovery and property do not exist unless one of the aspects mentioned in the text is justified. Study, the appropriate remedy in this regard, the 80-year review of the legislation in this area to clarify the vague boundaries of ownership, and secure ownership is known
Scientific research
Azam Amini; Sedighe Abak
Abstract
Punitive damage is a kind of Supra-compensatory damage which is awarded in favor of Plaintiff in Civil actions for punishing the defendant and deterring him from taking action like that in future. The main feature of punitive verdict is deterrence and punishment and in this regard two economic theories ...
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Punitive damage is a kind of Supra-compensatory damage which is awarded in favor of Plaintiff in Civil actions for punishing the defendant and deterring him from taking action like that in future. The main feature of punitive verdict is deterrence and punishment and in this regard two economic theories exist (optimal deterrence and gain elimination theories). However punitive aspect of this damage is a reason that to be considered as an identity with criminal nature and not to be applied in private actions. Lack of predictability of this damage and sometimes large and backbreaking sentences which make it more complicated, made the United States courts to come up with several strategies for limiting the punitive damages.
Scientific research
Mohammad Hossein Ramazani Ghavamabadi
Abstract
Abstract
Environmental protection is a major concern of the international community. Renewable natural resources and to protect the rights of current and future generations of sustainable development was concerned governments and international organizations. Sustainable development seeks to balance ...
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Abstract
Environmental protection is a major concern of the international community. Renewable natural resources and to protect the rights of current and future generations of sustainable development was concerned governments and international organizations. Sustainable development seeks to balance and compromise between economic, social and environmental. The traditional approach economy brown and maximum use of natural resources without considering the rights of future generation cause damage and result in environmental pollution. The green economy is not only a response to the challenges facing the international community placed to facilitate the realization of sustainable development is stopped.
In this study, the concept, the legal nature of the green economy and its role in sustainable development is studied. Describe the actions of the international community to protect the environment of the green economy and its vital role in achieving sustainable development is discussed.
Due to the natural capital is valuable and strategies for short, medium and long term in light green economy, growth and social welfare will bring to the community.
Scientific research
hesam ghapanchi; hamidreza danesh nari; Nahid Mudavi
Abstract
corporations have a key role in economic development, growth of national security and financial competition. the key of power is in economy. so in the global village, the economic competition replaces military conflict. a new concept in criminal justice is corporate crime. these crimes as a kind of white ...
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corporations have a key role in economic development, growth of national security and financial competition. the key of power is in economy. so in the global village, the economic competition replaces military conflict. a new concept in criminal justice is corporate crime. these crimes as a kind of white collar crime are studied in light of critical criminology
findings of this study shows that financial corporate crime are high. some of them are economic spying, corporate fraud, tax evasion, false accounting, false advertising and price fixing.
the most important approaches in criminology of these crimes are criminogenic corporate culture, economic pressure theory and rational choice theory.
