تحلیل کارایی نظریه تقصیر بر مبنای نظریات رفتار مصرف‌کننده و تولیدکننده

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مینا بلوری فر ¹

بیژن حاجی عزیزی ²

فیض‌الله جعفری ³

¹ دانش آموخته دکتری حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

² دانشیار گروه حقوق دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

³ استادیار گروه حقوق دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

https://doi.org/10.22067/economlaw.2022.41906

چکیده

نظریه تقصیر از مهم­ترین تئوری­ها در مبانی مسئولیت مدنی است که طبق آن، جبران خسارت منوط به اثبات تقصیر عامل زیان است. گاه اثبات تقصیر برعهده زیان­دیده است و گاه عامل زیان باید بی­تقصیری خود را ثابت نماید. این نظریه، معیاری اخلاقی برای شناسایی مبنای مسئولیت مدنی به دست می­دهد. از سوی دیگر، یکی از رویکردها در تحلیل مباحث حقوقی، استفاده از روش­های اقتصادی است. در این تحقیق با تشبیه زیان­دیده و عامل زیان به مصرف­کننده و تولیدکننده، کارایی نظریه تقصیر در پیشگیری از زیان و جبران سریع خسارت بررسی می­شود. روش این تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی است. با توصیف نظریات رفتار مصرف­کننده و تولیدکننده و استفاده از الگوهای کارایی در این نظریات، رفتار زیان­دیده و عامل زیان را تحلیل می­کنیم. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می­دهد نظریه تقصیر ابزاری کارا برای پیشگیری از زیان است مشروط بر این که سطح استاندارد احتیاط به‌عنوان مرز بین رفتار مقصرانه و غیرمقصرانه مشخص باشد؛ اما نمی­توان جبران سریع خسارات را به نحو کارا بر مبنای نظریه تقصیر به دست آورد و در مواردی که تعیین سطح استاندارد احتیاط و بالتبع، پیشگیری از زیان میسر نیست و قانون‌گذار در صدد جبران سریع خسارت است، مسئولیت بدون تقصیر پیشنهاد می­شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

تقصیر

نظریه رفتار مصرف‌کننده

نظریه رفتار تولیدکننده

کارایی

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مراجع

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