نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار حقوق عمومی دانشگاه شیراز

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد حقوق تجارت بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

3 گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شیراز. شیراز

10.22067/economlaw.2025.88000.1370

چکیده

داوری تجاری بین‌المللی به عنوان یکی از متداول ترین شیوه های جایگزین حل‌و‌فصل اختلاف، در مناصبات تجاری، سبقه طولانی دارد. چالش‌ها و خسارات مرتبط با محیط زیست همواره در دیوان‌های داوری مطرح بوده است. توسعه سریع قانون‌گذاری در حیطه حفاظت از محیط‌زیست، به‌ویژه در خصوص تغییرات آب‌وهوایی، بر ماهیت دعاوی ارائه شده توسط دولت‌ها و شرکت‌های فعال در بخش ساخت و ساز، مهندسی و انرژی که همگی از طرفین داوری تجاری هستند، تاثیر خواهد گذاشت. نوشتار حاضر با روش توصیفی و تحلیلی بررسی می‌کند که آیا داوری تجاری نهادی مناسب برای حل‌وفصل اختلافات زیست‌محیطی است یا خیر؟ پاسخ به این پرسش مستلزم بررسی ویژگی‌های داوری تجاری برای حل‌وفصل اختلافات محیط زیستی، من جمله بی‌طرفی، آرا لازم اجرا، سهولت اجرای آرا و رویه انعطاف‌پذیر که می‌تواند متناسب با اختلاف خاص سازگار شود، است. پس از بررسی و تحلیل مزایا و تناسب نهاد داوری برای اختلافات زیست محیطی، ویژگی‌هایی که از کارکرد نهاد داوری می‌کاهد، از جمله محرمانگی و خصوصی‌بودن داوری تجاری که سبب عدم دسترسی اشخاص ثالث و عموم نسبت به محتویات اختلاف است بررسی خواهد شد. شفافیت که معمولاً شامل افشای اسناد، برگزاری جلسات علنی، مشارکت اشخاص ثالث در فرایند داوری (دوست دادگاه)، و دسترسی عمومی به اطلاعات پرونده است، در داوری این نوع اختلافات محل نقد است. علاوه بر این، طبیعت اغلب محرمانه داوری تجاری و عدم وجود یک دکترین و سابقه قضایی خطر تصمیمات متناقض را به همراه دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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