نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار گروه مطالعات منطقه ای دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
تحریم‌های اقتصادی یکی از ابزارهای اصلی سیاست خارجی اتحادیه اروپا در راستای حفظ صلح و امنیت بین‌المللی است. این ابزار همواره با چالش‌های حقوقی و اجرایی روبرو بوده‌است. نوشتار حاضر به بررسی چارچوب تحریم‌های اتحادیه اروپا از منظر نظریه قدرت هنجاری پرداخته است. پرسش اصلی بر این مبنا است که بنیان مشروعیت هنجاری تحریم‌های اتحادیه اروپا چیست و چگونه در سطح داخلی و بین‌المللی اعمال و در عین حال به مدیریت چالش‌های حقوقی می‌پردازد. در پاسخ این فرضیه مطرح است که اتحادیه اروپا به عنوان یک قدرت نرم، تحریم‌ها را نه‌تنها به عنوان ابزاری برای فشار سیاسی، بلکه به عنوان وسیله‌ای برای ترویج ارزش‌های حقوق بشر، دموکراسی و حاکمیت قانون به‌کار می‌برد؛ اما این تحریم‌ها با چالش‌های حقوقی جدی در سطح بین‌المللی روبرو هستند. روش تحقیق شامل تحلیل حقوقی-هنجاری است که به بررسی مبانی قانونی تحریم‌ها در چارچوب سیاست خارجی و امنیتی مشترک اتحادیه اروپا می‌پردازد. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد در حالی که تحریم‌های اتحادیه اروپا با هنجارهای بین‌المللی همسو هستند؛ با مسائل حقوقی و اجرایی مهمی مواجه هستند. این چالش‌ها شامل مشکلاتی در رابطه با تناسب و تاثیر تحریم‌ها بر حقوق بشر، نا هماهنگی در اجرای تحریم‌ها در میان کشورهای عضو و دشواری تطابق با استانداردهای حقوق بین‌الملل است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
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)
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