نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
ارتباط حقوق مالکیت فکری و نوآوری از مباحث چالش برانگیز اقتصادی به حساب می‌‌آید. در این خصوص اقتصاددانانی چون شومپیتر و هلپمن نظریات متفاوتی ارائه کرده‌‌اند. شومپیتر در نظریه تخریب خلاق خود بیان می‌‌کند که با حمایت از حقوق مالکیت فکری، فرد نوآور با ارائه محصول جدید به بازار انحصار به دست می‌‌آورد. این امر موجب نوآوری‌‌های بیشتر و پیشرفته‌‌تر توسط دیگران خواهد شد. اما هلپمن معتقد است حقوق مالکیت فکری مستحکم‌‌تر در کوتاه‌‌مدت، نوآوری را افزایش خواهد داد، اما در بلندمدت، نرخ نوآوری کاهش خواهد یافت؛ زیرا کشورهای توسعه یافته کالاهای بیشتری را با فناوری قدیمی تولید می‌‌کنند و این روند، منابع را به جای سرازیر شدن به سوی نوآوری، به سمت تولید سوق می‌‌دهد و بنابراین نوآوری کاهش می‌‌یابد. این پژوهش به بررسی ارتباط بین حقوق مالکیت فکری و نوآوری در دو گروه کشورهای با درآمد سرانه بالاتر و پایین‌‌تر از متوسط طی دوره زمانی 2010-1976 با استفاده از روش گشتاورهای تعمیم یافته (GMM) می‌‌پردازد. برای اندازه‌‌گیری نوآوری از شاخص پیچیدگی اقتصادی و برای حقوق مالکیت فکری از شاخص حقوق ثبت اختراع گینارت و پارک استفاده شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌‌دهد که این ارتباط در گروه کشورهای با درآمد سرانه بالاتر از متوسط مثبت بوده و در گروه کشورهای با درآمد سرانه پایین‌‌تر از متوسط، بی‌‌معنی است.
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