نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان

2 دانشجوی دکتری موسسه عالی آموزش وپژوهش مدیریت وبرنامه ریزی

چکیده

امروزه یکی از اولویت‌های حقوق بین­الملل، مسئله ارتباط توسعه و حقوق بشر است. یکی از عرصه­های پیوند میان این دو مقوله، نظام بانک جهانی (بانک بین‌المللی‌ترمیم و توسعه) است. سؤال اساسی این است که آیا به لحاظ نظری و عملی، بانک جهانی رویکرد مثبتی نسبت به مقوله حقوق بشر در طول حیات خود داشته است؟ بررسی نشان می­دهد اگرچه وظیفه اصلی بانک جهانی، پرداختن به مسئله توسعه است و حقوق بشر به‌طور مستقیم خارج از دامنه صلاحیت‌های آن است، ولی بانک جهانی با تأسی از مفاد اساسنامه خود، از همان ابتدا در قالب برداشت‌های مختلف از مفهوم توسعه، به مقوله حقوق بشر توجه نموده و در کل رویکرد نظری مطلوبی نسبت به حقوق بشر در نظام خود داشته است. در حالی که به لحاظ عملی و برخلاف ادعاهای مسئولین بانک، عملکرد بانک جهانی در رعایت حقوق بشر چندان قابل دفاع نیست و میان رویکرد نظری بانک با رویکرد عملی­اش به حقوق بشر تعارضاتی وجود دارد. به نظر می‌رسد برای حل این مشکل بایستی رویکرد حق محور به توسعه، که مستلزم پیشبرد توسعه از کانال حقوق بشر است اتخاذ شود؛ رویکردی که بتواند از طریق ادغام مقوله حقوق بشر با سیاست‌های عملی بانک، شکاف موجود میان جایگاه نظری و عملی حقوق بشر در بانک جهانی را پر کند.

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