نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
شیراز
چکیده
رسیدگی به اختلافات اعضای سازمان تجارت جهانی در صلاحیت انحصاری شورای عمومی سازمان به‌عنوان رکن حل‌وفصل اختلاف است. رکن حل‌وفصل برای حل اختلاف ناگزیر از بررسی و تحقیق پیرامون مسئله مورد اختلاف است. سؤال این است که این مرجع با چه معیاری به ارزیابی اقدامات اعضا مبادرت می‌ورزد؟ آیا بدانچه قبلاً در سطح ملی صورت پذیرفته، پایبند است یا بدون توجه به آن، مسئله را مجدداً و از نو مورد بررسی قرار میدهد؟ بسته به امور حکمی و موضوعی و موافقت‌نامه تحت پوشش، معیار ارزیابی نیز متفاوت است. در امور حکمی و قانونی، رکن حل‌وفصل چون درصدد اعمال یکنواخت مقررات سازمان است، در جهت تحقق این مهم گام بر میدارد؛ هرچند به کنار گذاردن تصمیم نهاد ملی بینجامد؛ اما در امور موضوعی از بررسی مجدد، خودداری و ارزیابی خود را به احراز معقول و منطقی بودن فرایند رسیدگی در سطح ملی محدود می‌نماید.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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Reports:
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[29] Appellate Body Report, Australia - Measures Affecting Importation of Salmon (Australia – Salmon). WT/DS18/AB/R, adopted 6 November 1998.
[30] Appellate Body Report, European Communities - Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos-Containing Products, WT/DS135/AB/R, adopted 5 April 2001.
[31] Appellate Body Report, European Communities - Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (EC- Hormones). WT/DS26/AB/R, WT/DS48/AB/R, adopted 13 February 1998.
[32] Appellate Body Report, European Communities - Trade Description of Sardines (‘EC – Sardines’). WT/DS231/AB/R, adopted 23 October 2002.
[33] Appellate Body Report, Japan - Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages, WT/DS8/AB/R, WT/DS10/AB/R, WT/DS11/AB/R, adopted 1 November 1996.
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[35] Appellate Body Report, Thailand - Anti-Dumping Duties on Angles, Shapes and Sections of Iron or Non-Alloy Steel H-Beams from Poland (Thailand – h-Beams). WT/DS122/AB/R, adopted 5 April 2001.
[36] Appellate Body Report, Unites States - Transitional Safeguard Measure on Combed Cotton Yarn from Pakistan (US – Cotton Yarn). WT/DS192/AB/R, adopted 5 November 2001.
[37] Appellate Body Report, Unites States - Anti-Dumping Measure on Certain Hot-Rolled Steel Products from Japan (US – Hot-Rolled Steel). WT/DS184/AB/R, adopted 23 August 2001.
[38] Appellate Body Report, Unites States - Safeguard Measure on Import of Fresh, Chilled or Frozen Lamb Meat from New Zealand and Australia (US – Lamb). WT/DS177/AB/R, WT/DS178/AB/R, adopted 16 May 2001.
[39] Panel Report, Chile – Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages (‘Chile – Alcoholic Beverages’). WT/DS87/R, WT/ DS110/R, adopted 12 January 2000.
[40] Panel Report, European Communities – Anti-Dumping Duties on Malleable Cast Iron Tube or Pipe Fittings from Brazil (‘EC – Tube and Pipe Fittings’). WT, DS219/R, adopted as modified by the Appellate Body Report (WT/DS219/AB/R) on 18 August 2003.
[41] Panel Report, European Communities – Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos-Containing Products (‘EC – Asbestos’). WT/DS135/R and Add.1, adopted 5 April 2001.
[42] Panel Report, Guatemala – Definitive Anti-Dumping Measures on Grey Portland Cement from Mexico (Guatemala – Cement II). WT/DS156/R, adopted 17 November 2000, DSR 2000: XL, 5295.
[43] Panel Report, Philippines—Taxes on Distilled Spirits, WT/DS396/R, WT/DS403/R, adopted 20 January 2012.
[44] Panel Report, Thailand—Customs and Fiscal Measures on Cigarettes from the Philippines, WT/DS371/R, adopted 15 July 2011.
[45] Panel Report, United States – Anti –Dumping duty on Dynamic Random Access Memory Semiconductors (DRAMS) of One Megabit or Above from Korea (US-DRAMS). WT/DS99/R, adopted 19 March 1999.
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