شفافیت سرمایه گذاری خارجی، بازتعریف اصل شفافیت در حقوق بین‌الملل سرمایه گذاری

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

سید علی حسینی آزاد ¹

پوریا عسکری ²

¹ دکترای حقوق بین الملل عمومی از دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

² دانشیار گروه حقوق عمومی و بین‌الملل دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/lowecon.2022.41769

چکیده

در دیدگاه سنتی حقوق بین ­الملل سرمایه­ گذاری، شفافیت همواره به عنوان تعهدی برای دولت میزبان و در جهت حمایت هر چه بیشتر از سرمایه­ گذاری خارجی تعریف می­شود. این وجه از شفافیت در حقوق بین­ الملل سرمایه­ گذاری به عنوان یک قاعده به رسمیّت شناخته شده است. در عصر حاضر و با بالا گرفتن گفتمان­هایی مانند مبارزه با فساد، حقوق بشر، حکمرانی مطلوب، مسئولیّت اجتماعی شرکت­ها و حکمرانی شرکتی، گرایشی جدید در حقوق بین­الملل سرمایه­ گذاری ایجاد شده است که شفاف بودن را از سرمایه­ گذار خارجی نیز طلب می­کند. امکان شکل­ گیری و پیدایش چنین تعهدی و تحمیل آن بر سرمایه­ گذار خارجی، محل بحث این نوشتار است.
مقاله حاضر با تکیه بر روشی توصیفی ـ تحلیلی به بررسی اسناد و رویه­ های موجود در حقوق بین ­الملل سرمایه­ گذاری پرداخته است تا ارزیابی کند که آیا در نظم کنونی حقوق بین ­الملل سرمایه­ گذاری می­توان تعهد به شفاف بودن را برای سرمایه­ گذار خارجی شناسایی کرد؟
بررسی­ها در نهایت نشان می­دهد که جامعه­ ی جهانی به سمت شناسایی و تقویّت تعهدات عمده­ای برای سرمایه­ گذران خارجی و از جمله شفافیت پیش می­رود و این نگرش جدید سرمایه­گذار خارجی را از اینکه صرفاً موضوع حمایت واقع شود خارج کرده و موضوع تکلیف نیز قرار می­دهد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

اصل شفافیت

سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی

حقوق بین‌الملل سرمایه‌گذاری

مسئولیت سرمایه‌گذار

مقابله با فساد

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مراجع

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