نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی گروه حقوق دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی مشهد، ایران.

2 کارشناس ارشد حقوق بین الملل، گروه حقوق دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

منابع و مبانی حقوق سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی بیشتر در معاهدات دوجانبه و چندجانبه و رویه‌های داوری بین‌المللی مشاهده می‌شود. لذا این پرسش‌ها مطرح است که مفهوم سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی و معیارهای آن چیست؟ چه قراردادهایی می‌توانند سرمایه‌گذاری محسوب شوند؟ و در این میان، وضعیت قراردادهای فروش چگونه است؟ برای کشف معیارهای سرمایه‌گذاری ابتدا به ملاک‌های کنوانسیون واشنگتن و سپس به ملاک‌های ارائه شده در داوری‌های مهم در مورد سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی مراجعه شده است.
این مقاله از روش کتابخانه‌ای بهره گرفته است و تلاش شده با رجوع به مباحث تئوریک، به رویه‌های داوری نیز در جهت کشف روش‌ها و معیارهای قراردادهای سرمایه‌گذاری، توجه شود.
نتایج این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که سه معیار مهم مشارکت، دوره زمانی معین و ریسک، هسته‌ی اصلی تشکیل دهنده‌ی سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی هستند، که در کنار آنها بهتر است که به اهداف مندرج در ماده 25 کنوانسیون اکسید و به معیارهای مندرج در معاهدات دوجانبه‌ی سرمایه‌گذاری نیز توجه شود. در مورد قراردادهای فروش، رویه‌ی داوری غالباً قراردادهای ساده را مطابق با اهداف کنوانسیون واشنگتن نمی‌داند. اما این رویکرد را نمی‌توان به کلیه قراردادهای فروش تعمیم داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

 
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