بررسی تطبیقی مواجهه با رمزارز‌ها در نظام‌های حقوقی ایران و امریکا

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

سید محمد مهدی غمامی ¹

محمدرضا علی پور ²

¹ عضو هیئت علمی حقوق عمومی و بین الملل دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه امام صادق علیه السلام

² دانشجوی دکتری حقوق عمومی دانشگاه امام صادق علیه السلام

https://doi.org/10.22067/economlaw.2022.77059.1184

چکیده

رمزارز (رمزارزش)‌ها به‌عنوان نسل جدیدی از فناوری‌های مالی، چند سالی است که منشأ تحولاتی در جهان شده‌اند و دولت‌ها با چالش‌های متفاوتی در ساماندهی آن‌ها روبرویند. بنظر می‌رسد ایران با وجود تراکنش‌های مالی بالا در این خصوص، ازجمله کشورهایی است که هنوز به تصمیم دقیق و منسجمی برای مواجهه با این پدیده نوظهور نرسیده‌است. از طرفی، آمریکا به عنوان کشوری که از ابعاد متفاوت به این موضوع پرداخته‌است، مورد توجه پژوهشگران مختلفی بوده‌است.
فلذا سوال نگارندگان در این مقاله عبارت است از اینکه «ماهیت حقوقی رمزارز‌ها در نظام حقوقی ایران و آمریکا و نحوه مدیریت آن در نظام پولی – بانکی ملی چیست؟» در این مقاله با روش توصیفی تحلیلی، سعی گردیده است با بررسی اسناد، اصول حقوقی و قوانین و مقررات مرتبط با رمزارزها در نظام حقوقی ایران و آمریکا، به بررسی نحوه تنظیم‌گری این پدیده در دو نظام مذکور پرداخت.
مطابق دستاوردهای این مقاله، برخی از رمزارزها ماهیت دارایی مالی دارند و برخی پول، که نیازمند اتخاذ سیاست‌های متفاوت هستند. از طرفی نظام پولی – بانکی نیز می‌بایست برای حمایت از استخراج‌کنندگان رمزارزها و رعایت حقوق ایشان در معاملات و تبادلات پولی بین‌المللی، با رعایت برخی الزامات ازجمله جلوگیری از پولشویی تدابیر لازم را اتخاذ نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

زنجیره بلوکی (بلاکچین)

تنظیم‌گری (رگولاتوری)

ارز دیجیتال

رمزارز (رمزارزش)

پولشویی

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©2022 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

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