ارزیابی تأمین مالی نظام جبران خسارت راننده مسبب حادثه در پرتوی قانون بیمه اجباری مصوب 1395

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده

حمید افکار

دکتری حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

https://doi.org/10.22067/economlaw.2022.74059.1116

چکیده

هدف: شناسایی مسئولیت بیمه‌گر و صندوق تأمین خسارت‌های بدنی در نظام جبران راننده مسبب حادثه در خصوص خسارات قبل و بعد از تصویب قانون بیمه جدید نیازمند بررسی مبانی حقوقی، قانونی و اقتصادی است تا بتوان در جهت تحقق هدف حمایت از زیان‌دیدگان حوادث رانندگی و با در نظر گرفتن مصالح اجتماعی و مالی بیمه‌گر و صندوق، تفسیر مؤثری از اندیشه جبران خسارت راننده مسبب حادثه ارائه داد.
روش‌شناسی: روش مورد استفاده در این پژوهش شیوه توصیفی – تحلیلی است.
یافته‌ها: توجیهات حقوقی و قانونی در قانون بیمه جدید، دلالت بر الزام بیمه‌گر و بیمه‌گذار به انعقاد قرارداد بیمه حوادث راننده دارد. بیمه‌ حادثه راننده اگرچه دارای ماهیت مستقل از بیمه شخص ثالث است، لیکن نقض وظیفه قانونی در صدور بیمه حادثه راننده توسط بیمه‌گر، باعث تحمیل اجباری تعهدات قانونی بر بیمه‌گر است. بهره‌گیری از مبانی نظام خیر و رفاه اجتماعی یا در نظر گرفتن تقصیر جامعه به عنوان وسیع‌ترین سازمان، مسئولیت حاکمیت و جامعه را در قبال راننده مسبب حادثه فاقد بیمه‌نامه توجیه می‌کند و صندوق تأمین خسارت‌های بدنی به عنوان جایگزین بیمه، مؤثرترین منبع جبران خسارت است.
نتیجه‌گیری: مبانی حقوقی و قانونی توجیه‌کننده مسئولیت بیمه‌گر و صندوق بر اساس قانون جدید، خسارات بدنی گذشته راننده فاقد بیمه‌نامه حوادث را شامل نمی‌شود و علاوه بر این مبانی، عدم کارایی اقتصادی و توجیه منطقی، بیمه‌گر و صندوق را از زمره منابع نظام جبران خسارت راننده مسبب حادثه خارج می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

راننده مسبب حادثه

بیمه حادثه راننده

بیمه‌گر

صندوق تأمین خسارت‌های بدنی

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©2022 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

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