نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق کیفری و جرم شناسی، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران

2 استادیار گروه حقوق، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران

چکیده

در نظام حقوق سرمایه‌گذاری بین‌المللی، شناسایی حقوق مالکیت فکری به‌عنوان سرمایه‌گذاری واجد شرایط، یکی از چالش‌های نوظهور و در عین حال بنیادین در تفسیر معاهدات سرمایه‌گذاری است. با وجود اینکه بسیاری از موافقت‌نامه‌های بین‌المللی سرمایه‌گذاری، به صراحت یا تلویحاً، حقوق مالکیت فکری را در زمره دارایی‌های سرمایه‌گذاری قلمداد می‌کنند، این امر به‌تنهایی برای برخورداری از حمایت‌های معاهده‌ای کافی نیست. این مقاله با اتخاذ رویکردی تحلیلی-انتقادی، به بررسی معیارهای شناسایی حقوق مالکیت فکری به‌عنوان سرمایه‌گذاری در پرتو مفاد معاهدات سرمایه‌گذاری، قواعد کنوانسیون ICSID و رویه‌های داوری می‌پردازد. با تمرکز بر آزمون سالینی و سایر معیارهای شکلی و ماهوی، مقاله نشان می‌دهد که بهره‌برداری اقتصادی فعال از حقوق مالکیت فکری در کشور میزبان، نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای در تأیید ماهیت سرمایه‌ای این حقوق دارد. افزون بر آن، مقاله نقش حقوق داخلی کشور میزبان در تعیین وجود، دامنه و قابلیت حمایت از این حقوق را برجسته می‌سازد و به‌ویژه بر اصل سرزمینی بودن حقوق مالکیت فکری تأکید می‌کند. در نهایت، نتیجه‌گیری مقاله بیانگر آن است که تلفیق اصول حقوق مالکیت فکری با رژیم حقوقی سرمایه‌گذاری بین‌المللی مستلزم تفسیر دقیق و هماهنگ معاهدات، در راستای موازنه میان حمایت از سرمایه‌گذار و احترام به حاکمیت قانون در کشور میزبان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

 
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