نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)
چکیده
سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی در توسعه اقتصادی کشورها نقش قابل‌توجهی دارد؛ اما همواره موانعی بر سر راه آن وجود داشته است. یکی از این موانع، عدم وجود مقررات کافی جهت حمایت از سرمایه‌گذاران و ایجاد امنیت لازم در دولت میزبان است. در مقطعی به‌منظور رفع این موانع، کشورها به انعقاد معاهدات دوجانبه سرمایه‌گذاری روی آوردند. در این معاهدات استاندارهایی مقرر شد تا منافع سرمایه‌گذاران را به نحو مطلوب مورد حمایت قرار دهد. برخی از این استانداردها عبارت‌اند از رفتار عادلانه و منصفانه، شرط حمایت و امنیت کامل، رفتار ملی و رفتار کامله‌الوداد. نقش بسیار مؤثر این استانداردها در حمایت از سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی و به دنبال آن افزایش قابل‌توجه سرمایه‌گذاری سبب شد تا در این مقاله به بررسی آن‌ها پرداخته شود. روش تحقیق مورد استفاده در این پژوهش، توصیفی- تحلیلی با بهره‌گیری از منابع کتابخانه‌ای است. این پژوهش با بررسی معاهدات دوجانبه و چندجانبه سرمایه‌گذاری و همچنین آرای دیوان‌های داوری بین‌المللی مانند ایکسید به این نتیجه رسیده که در اسناد و رویه قضایی مربوطه در اعمال استانداردهای حمایت از سرمایه‌گذاران خارجی مصادیق مشخص و منحصری در نظر گرفته نشده که این امر حاکی از گستردگی، انعطاف‌پذیری و پویایی استاندارهای حمایتی مذکور است و افزایش و توسعه معاهدات سرمایه‌گذاری و رویه داوری بین‌المللی در این زمینه باعث توسعه این استانداردها در طول زمان شده است. این تحول به‌شدت در جذب و رشد سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی در کشورهای میزبان نقش مثبت داشته است.
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[56] Cases:
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